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Objective To investigate the changes of visual acuity,fundus changes,and serum vitamin D concentration in diabetic retinopathy patients treated with metformin,and to evaluate its clinical efficacy.Methods Totally 80 cases (160 eyes) patients with background diabetic retinopathy were included in the study,and were divided into observation group (metformin + Pancreatic Kininogenase Enteric-coated Tablets) and control group (Pancreatic Kininogenase Enteric-coated Tablets) according to the different treatment methods used for 3 months.Fundus fluorescein angiography was used to evaluate the improvement of the fundus lesions.The serum levels of vitamin D were measured with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA).Results After 3 months of treatment,serum vitamin D concentration of the observation group increased,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05) when compared to before treatment.However,3 months after treatment,serum vitamin D levels of the control group increased slightly,but the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The total effective rate of fundus improvement in the observation group and the control group was 70％ and 55％,respectively.There was significant difference between the two groups in the improvement of fundus (P ＜ O.05).Conclusions Metformin has an adjunctive effect on background diabetic retinopathy,and the increase of serum vitamin D may be one of the mechanisms of metformin in improving diabetic retinopathy.
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Objective To explore the role of transforming growth factor-β1/serum and glucocorticoid induced kinase 1 (TGF-β1/SGK1) signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods Totally 60 clean grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into normal control (Con group,n =20) and diabetic model group (diabetic group,n =40).Type 2 diabetic animal model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ,45 mg/kg) to SD rats.Half of rats in each group were sacrificed after implemented for 4 weeks and 8 weeks,respectively.Fasting glucose,serum urea and creatinine,as well as urine protein in 24 h were detected.Pathological changes of rats' kidney cortex tissue were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The expression of SGK1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in renal tissue.The mRNA level of SGK1 was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The protein expression of TGF-β1 and SGK1 were determined by Western blotting.Results Compared to the control group,the blood glucose of the diabetic group rats was significantly increased,kidney hypertrophy index,serum urea and creatinine,24 h urine volume and urinary microalbumin as well as kidney index were significantly higher (P ＜0.05).The mRNA expressed of SGK1,protein expression of TGF-β1 and SGK1 were also increased obviously in the renal cortex of diabetic rats (all P ＜ 0.05 vs Control).Conclusions TGF-β1/SGK1 signaling pathway is closely related to the TIF damage of kidney cortex in diabetic rats.
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Objective To investigate the effects of alpha lipoic acid on patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR),explore the possible mechanisms,and provide experimental evidence for the treatment of DR with lipoic acid.Methods Totally 75 DR patients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.Patients in control group received the standard hypoglycemic treatment,antihypertensive therapy,and other comprehensive treatment.Patients from the treatment group were treated with alpha lipoic acid 600 mg + 250 ml 0.9％ sodium chloride injection additionally,avoiding light intravenous therapy,for a total of 4 weeks.Before and after treatment,fundus fluorescein angiography and visual inspection were detected in two groups.In addition,serum level of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were detected with high performance liquid chromatography,serum lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were detected to reflect the in vivo oxidative stress before and after treatment in two groups.Results Compared to the control group,visual acuity was improved significantly (P ＜ 0.05),and total efficiency of ocular lesions-improved was increased significantly (84.21％ vs 40.54％,x2 =15.28,P ＜ 0.01).Serum levels of endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase ADMA [(0.32 ±0.13) μmol/L vs (0.51 ± 0.26) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.05] and MDA [(3.22 ± 0.90) nmol/L vs (5.13 ± 0.42) nmol/ml,P ＜ 0.05] were significantly decreased,while SOD levels [(72.68 ± 1.31) U/ml vs (53.16 ± 1.54) U/ml,P ＜0.05] were significantly increased in DR patients after alpha lipoic acid treatment.Conclusions Alpha lipoic acid had some therapeutic effects for DR patients,which mainly lied in the improvement of visual acuity and eye disease,might be related to the decrease of oxidative stress and serum level of endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor ADMA.
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@#Objective To describe the results of the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) in Beijing in 2010; and investigatethe factors related with the results. Methods The result of the UNHS investigated by 106 maternity hospitals were reported. These hospitalswere investigated with the self-made questionnaire. Results In 2010, 159888 infants (91.99%) were screened in 106 maternity hospitals inBeijing as the 1st stage UNHS. 10.32% of them failed OAE tests. 72.30% received the 2nd stage UNHS and 13.27% of them failed testsagain. The referral rate was 0.99% in the end. The screening rate of both the 1st and 2nd stage was more in the newborn with Beijing householdregistration than in those with other household registration, as well as the hospitals in urban than in rural areas. For the rate fail in the1st stage UNHS, it was more in hospitals in urban than in rural areas, with distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) than with transientevoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), by the bed than in the special room, and screening only once than screening again. ConclusionThe quality of UNHS is as high as in the developed countries in the newborn with Beijing household registration. To further improvethe screening rate, it is important to focus on the newborn with other household registers and the hospitals in rural areas. The instrument, personnelqualifications, environment and operation need to be further standardized.
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@#Objective To study the universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) results obtained in Beijing from 2007 to 2010 and to evaluate the index of hearing screening in Beijing. Methods The newborn born in Beijing just from October 1, 2007 to September 30, 2010 were selected and their hearing screening and diagnosis data were retrospectively collected. Results From 2007 to 2010, 470537 infants (90.2%) were screened in Beijing as 1st stage UNHS. 43019(9.1%) failed otoacoustic emission (OAE) tests. 31009 infants (72.8%) were screened in 2nd stage UNHS and 4568 failed tests. 1262 infants were referred for more testing and 1087 of them were diagnosed regularly.501infants were normal. 266 infants were finally diagnosed with single hearing loss and 303 infants were diagnosed with binaural hearing loss. 61infants were diagnosed with severe binaural hearing loss. Conclusion Establishment of the perfect newborn hearing screening system and advanced information system, and follow-up for the suspected children actively by doctors of community health care unit facilitate to improve UNHS.